ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to rationalize the use of cephalosporins in various common bacterial infections like infections of upper and lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastro- intestinal tract and of soft tissues in pediatrics (age range: neonate – 10 yrs). A retrospective study was carried out at multiple hospitals in the premises of Karachi. Not less than 150 prescriptions from pediatric ward were collected over a period of a month to evaluate the prescriptions for their rational approach. The prescriptions included in the study were from qualified doctors. Results showed that out of total prescriptions containing antimicrobial therapy collected from pediatric wards, 88.1% prescriptions contained cephalosporins, among which 1st generation cephalosporin 3.93%, 2nd generation cephalosporin 10.23% and 3rd generations cephalosporins 75% were observed. There is an urgent need to develop standards of antimicrobial drug prescriptions to avoid drug resistance.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to highlight potential risks associated with the use of oral hypoglycemics as monotherapy in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. For this study 40 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into four groups. Group I served as diabetic control and II, III and IV were treated with acarbose with regular diet, acarbose with cooked cornstarch diet and rosiglitazone respectively. Diabetes was induced with a single dose of alloxan monohydrate IP at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Drug samples were administered orally for a period of 4 weeks and effects of the drugs were studied on day 7, 15 and 30 for serum level of sodium and potassium. Results showed decrease in sodium and potassium level in all treated groups on day 7. On day 30 levels were increased in group II and IV but decreased significantly in group III. It has been concluded that chronic doses of rosiglitazone and acarbose with regular diet may cause abnormal levels of electrolytes which may cause irregular cardiac contractility. Administration of acarbose with cornstarch diet may be beneficial in regulating cardiac contractility.